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U.S. Preventive Services Task Force A and B recommendations

USPSTF

Bone densitometry (DXA) is the standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, as it measures bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and lumbar spine. It is used to calculate T-scores and determine eligibility for drug treatments in clinical trials. Studies have evaluated the ability of BMD to predict fractures. Diagnostic accuracy is expressed in terms of the area under the ROC curve (AUC), which ranges from 0.60 to 0.80 for major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) and from 0.64 to 0.86 for hip fractures. ...

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force A and B recommendations

USPSTF

Fifty randomized controlled trials (N=8,798) have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral interventions in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Most of these studies were conducted in the US, Europe, Canada, and Australia, with diverse populations in the US trials (52.4% White, 20.5% African American, and 25% Hispanic/Latino). The studies included children aged 2–19 years, with an average body mass index (BMI) in the 93rd percentile. The studies showed ...

Essencial: Afegint valor a la pràctica clínica [Essencial: Adding value to the clinical practice]

Essencial Salut

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized in the skin through sun exposure and also obtained from the diet. There is no evidence of the benefits or risks of measuring serum vitamin D concentrations in the asymptomatic population. There is consensus on measuring serum vitamin D concentrations in patients with signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency and on administering the corresponding treatment. Risk groups have been identified in which vitamin D testing could be considered ...

Essencial: Afegint valor a la pràctica clínica [Essencial: Adding value to the clinical practice]

Essencial Salut

Evidence on the efficacy of long-term opioid treatment for chronic non-cancer pain is very limited. However, the risks are well known. It is important to reassess every three months whether opioid treatment is effective, or whether the person experiences adverse events or shows a pattern of possible misuse. In addition to the adverse events associated with opioids, regardless of treatment duration, there are others associated with long-term use. Some of these may include tolerance, ...

Essencial: Afegint valor a la pràctica clínica [Essencial: Adding value to the clinical practice]

Essencial salut

The combination of opioids and gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) increases the risk of respiratory depression. In Catalonia, an estimated 34.9% of patients with chronic non-cancer pain who use strong opioids also take gabapentinoids. Clinical guidelines warn against the co-prescription of opioids and gabapentinoids in patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). The evidence is inconclusive as to whether the combination offers greater efficacy than monotherapy with either drug. ...