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U.S. Preventive Services Task Force A and B recommendations

UPSTF

Mammography screening has been shown to reduce breast cancer mortality, although the magnitude of the benefit varies by women's age. Randomized controlled trials have shown relative reductions in the risk of breast cancer mortality of 12% in women aged 39 to 49 years, 14% in women aged 50 to 59 years, 33% in women aged 60 to 69 years, and 20% in women aged 70 to 74 years. A further analysis of Swedish studies found a 15% reduction in mortality in women aged 40 to 74 years. However, these ...

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force A and B recommendations

USPSTF

The USPSTF reviewed 37 randomized controlled trials (N=16,117) of exercise interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling older adults. The mean age of participants ranged from 68 to 88 years, and most studies included individuals at high risk for falls. Fifty-eight percent of participants in these studies had a history of falls or risk factors. Exercise interventions included gait, balance, and functional training, as well as strength, endurance, flexibility, and tai chi exercises. Most ...

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force A and B recommendations

USPSTF

Bone densitometry (DXA) is the standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, as it measures bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and lumbar spine. It is used to calculate T-scores and determine eligibility for drug treatments in clinical trials. Studies have evaluated the ability of BMD to predict fractures. Diagnostic accuracy is expressed in terms of the area under the ROC curve (AUC), which ranges from 0.60 to 0.80 for major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) and from 0.64 to 0.86 for hip fractures. ...

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force A and B recommendations

USPSTF

Fifty randomized controlled trials (N=8,798) have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral interventions in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Most of these studies were conducted in the US, Europe, Canada, and Australia, with diverse populations in the US trials (52.4% White, 20.5% African American, and 25% Hispanic/Latino). The studies included children aged 2–19 years, with an average body mass index (BMI) in the 93rd percentile. The studies showed ...

Essencial: Afegint valor a la pràctica clínica [Essencial: Adding value to the clinical practice]

Essencial Salut

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized in the skin through sun exposure and also obtained from the diet. There is no evidence of the benefits or risks of measuring serum vitamin D concentrations in the asymptomatic population. There is consensus on measuring serum vitamin D concentrations in patients with signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency and on administering the corresponding treatment. Risk groups have been identified in which vitamin D testing could be considered ...