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Midstream urine culture is the recommended method for diagnosing asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy. In settings where urine culture is not available, on-site midstream urine Gram-staining ...
WHO recommendations
WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience
(Context-specific recommendation) Remarks • The GDG agreed that the higher resource costs associated with Gram stain testing might reduce the feasibility of this method in low-resource settings, in which case, dipstick tests may be used. • The GDG agreed that ASB is a priority research topic, given its association with preterm birth and the uncertainty around urine testing and treatment in settings with different levels of ASB prevalence. Specifically, studies are needed that compare ...
ver más ... 2019Full blood count testing is the recommended method for diagnosing anaemia during pregnancy. In settings where full blood count testing is not available, onsite haemoglobin testing with a ...
WHO recommendations
WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience
(Context-specific recommendation) Remarks • The GDG agreed that the high recurrent costs of Hb testing with haemoglobinometers might reduce the feasibility of this method in some low-resource settings, in which case the WHO haemoglobin colour scale method may be used. • Other low-technology on-site methods for detecting anaemia need development and/or investigation.
ver más ... 2019For pregnant women with high daily caffeine intake (more than 300 mg per day), lowering daily caffeine intake during pregnancy is recommended to reduce the risk of pregnancy loss and low-birth-weight ...
WHO recommendations
WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience
(Context-specific recommendation) Remarks • Pregnant women should be informed that a high daily caffeine intake (> 300 mg per day) is probably associated with a higher risk of pregnancy loss and low birth weight. • Caffeine is a stimulant found in tea, coffee, soft-drinks, chocolate, kola nuts and some over-the-counter medicines. Coffee is probably the most common source of high caffeine intake. A cup of instant coffee can contain about 60 mg of caffeine; however, some commercially brewed ...
ver más ... 2019Vitamin D supplementation is not recommended for pregnant women to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes.
WHO recommendations
WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience
(Not recommended) Remarks • This recommendation supersedes the previous WHO recommendation found in the 2012 Guideline: vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women. • Pregnant women should be advised that sunlight is the most important source of vitamin D. The amount of time needed in the sun is not known and depends on many variables, such as the amount of skin exposed, the time of day, latitude and season, skin pigmentation (darker skin pigments synthesize less vitamin D than lighter ...
ver más ... 2019Vitamin E and C supplementation is not recommended for pregnant women to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes.
WHO recommendations
WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience
(Not recommended) Remarks • The GDG noted that vitamin E and C combined supplements were evaluated mainly in the context of preventing pre-eclampsia. Vitamin C is important for improving the bioavailability of oral iron, but this was not considered within the context of the Cochrane reviews. In addition, low-certainty evidence on vitamin C alone suggests that it may prevent prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM). Therefore, the GDG agreed that future research should consider vitamin C ...
ver más ... 2019