Based on: No direct scientific evidence. Indirect evidence of other respiratory infections. It is important to note that the absence of evidence does not mean that a measure cannot be effective. It just means that we still don't know for sure if it is effective or not. However, in the case of vitamin C, if we extrapolate the high-certainty evidence about its lack of efficacy in other infections, the conclusion is that it probably plays no role in COVID-19.
Based on: Direct evidence of VERY LOW CERTAINTY and indirect evidence of LOW CERTAINTY
Experimental studies, ideally randomized and according to international quality standards, with a sufficient number of patients, are required to determine the effects of the use of this type of antibiotic on COVID 19.
Quality of evidence: moderate (from observational studies with moderate risk of bias and statistically accurate and consistent results)
The available information comes from patients previously treated with ACEi or ARB-II, the effect of de novo treatment with these drugs as adjuvant therapy on COVID-19 is not known.
The effect of de novo treatment with ACEi or ARB-II on mortality and other critical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 is unknown.
Previous use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARA-II) in patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19 and require hospitalization may be associated with a reduction, rather than an increase, in the risk of in-hospital mortality and critical outcomes* of the disease.
The level of education in health personnel is associated with the careful removal of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the greater professional experience is related to frequent hand washing.
Being in the second line of care is associated with less quarantine of family members and less participation in training on infection prevention.
Higher workload is associated with lower frequency of hand washing and greater fear of the epidemic.